The Parisian club has now secured the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a dramatic equaliser followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the match between the Ligue 1 champions and the Coupe de France holders after the French winger found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times in the closing moments to take a shock lead. First, Mason Greenwood converted from the penalty spot, before Willian Pacho unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final moments to force the match into a deciding shootout. The Parisian shot-stopper Lucas Chevalier then stood as the key figure, stopping crucial attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all scored successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this trophy for the 12th time in the past thirteen years.